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Programs like 'Scared Straight' involve organised visits to prison facilities by juvenile delinquents or children at risk for becoming delinquent. The programs are designed to deter participants from future offending by providing first-hand observations of prison life and interaction with adult inmates. Results of this review indicate that not only ...

Concerns about safety have led to making birth control pills with less of the hormone estrogen. Pills with less estrogen might not work as well to prevent pregnancy and could cause bleeding problems. This review looked at studies that compared pills with 20 µg ethinyl estradiol versus pills that have more estrogen. We did computer searches for randomized ...

Glaucoma involves a loss of vision which may be associated with raised pressure inside the eye. When glaucoma is diagnosed, it is common to try to reduce that pressure with medical, laser or surgical interventions (trabeculectomy). Surgery does not immediately restore vision, and may involve extra vision loss in the short term. Drugs can be used to ...

Genital warts is one of the most common types of sexually transmitted infection, with an estimated occurrence of about 32 million cases worldwide each year. The warts affect the genital area and cause such symptoms as itching, burning, discomfort, pain, or bleeding with intercourse. Because of the recurrence and the stigma associated with genital warts, ...

This summary of a Cochrane review presents what we know from research about the effect of abatacept on rheumatoid arthritis. Although expensive, if supported by the overall body of evidence, the claims of their benefit upon both symptoms and radiographic progression, and their low rate of short term side effects make them of great interest to patients ...

Abdominal decompression was first used to increase blood flow and the forward movement of the uterus during labour contractions as a way of relieving pain. A rigid covered dome is placed about the abdomen and the space around the abdomen is decompressed to -50 to -100 mm Hg for 15 to 30 seconds out of each minute for 30 minutes once to thrice daily, ...

Abdominal decompression is a procedure during which a negative pressure is applied intermittently to a pregnant woman's abdomen, enclosed within an airtight frame. It is thought to improve the mother's blood flow to the placenta, and during labour to relieve pain. The review of three studies of abdominal decompression used for healthy pregnant women ...

Several physiological parameters related to heart and lung (cardiopulmonary changes) occur during insufflation of abdomen (tummy) with key-hole surgery. While these changes can be tolerated by normal individuals, patients with poor heart or lung function may not tolerate the changes. These changes in physiological parameters related to heart and lung ...

In a caesarean section operation, there are various types of incisions in the abdominal wall that can be used. These include vertical and transverse incisions, and there are variations in the specific ways the incisions can be undertaken. The review of studies identified 4 trials involving 666 women. The Joel-Cohen incision showed better outcomes than ...

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