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Abstinence-only programs are widespread and well-funded, particularly in the United States and countries supported by the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. On the premise that sexual abstinence is the best and only way to prevent HIV, abstinence-only interventions aim to prevent, stop, or decrease sexual activity. These programs differ ...

Abstinence-plus programs are widespread interventions that primarily target young people. On the premise that sexual abstinence is the best way to prevent HIV, abstinence-plus interventions aim to prevent, stop, or decrease sexual activity; however, programs also promote condom use and other safer-sexstrategies as alternatives for sexually active participants. ...

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP), formerly called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is the most common opportunistic infection among patients infected with HIV. In 1990, based on evidence from five randomized control trials, an expert panel recommended the use of corticosteroids for HIV-infected patients with PCP and substantial hypoxemia (low levels ...

The authors did a systematic review of ten studies, to see if adjunctive therapies (supplemental to the main treatment) for AIDS dementia were effective and safe. They found no evidence that adjunctive therapies had any effect on the patients They did find adjunctive therapies to be safe, and without any harmful effect on the patients.

Performing aerobic exercise or a combination of aerobic exercise and resistive exercise for at least 20 minutes, at least three times per week for at least five weeks appears to be safe and may improve fitness, body composition, and well-being for adults living with HIV. Exercise is used by many people living with HIV to improve fitness, well-being, ...

Anabolic steroids may be beneficial in the treatment of weight loss in HIV-infected individuals. Anabolic steroids include testosterone and its derivatives. One of the functions of testosterone is to help build muscle. Testosterone has been demonstrated to increase muscle mass and lean body mass in testosterone-deficient but otherwise healthy men. Individuals ...

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) leads to progressive destruction and weakening of the body's immune system. Patients with advanced HIV disease are vulnerable to various diseases, called opportunistic infections (OIs), which most people with normal immune systems are protected against. One of these OIs, a fungal disease called cryptococcosis, ...

People with HIV/AIDS often develop prolonged diarrhoea which are sometimes not caused by infections. This is more so in the sub-Saharan Africa where drugs for controlling HIV itself i.e. antiretroviral drugs (ARV) may not be widely available or affordable. prolonged diarrhoea often results in prolonged illness and death due to loss of fluids, if not ...

This review evaluated the effects of antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for preventing HIV infection following occupational exposure. No randomized controlled trials were identified. Only one case-control study provides evidence for using zidovudine monotherapy. The study found that, in the occupational setting, HIV transmission was significantly ...

This review evaluated the effects of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV infection in high-risk individuals. We identified 10 trials: eight ongoing or planned and two completed. Only one of the two completed trials met the criteria for this review. The included trial was not completed as planned because two of the trial ...