Search

Increasing numbers of young people are smoking in developing and poorer countries. Programmes to prevent them starting to smoke have been delivered in schools over the past 40 years. We wanted to find out if they are effective. We identified 49 randomised controlled trials (over 140,000 school children) of interventions aiming to prevent children who ...

Medications (including all types of nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline) have been shown to help people quit smoking. It has been unclear how much additional benefit is gained from also providing behavioural support, such as counselling or a telephone quitline. Combined results from 38 trials suggests that increasing the amount of ...

People with schizophrenia are very often heavy smokers. It is uncertain whether treatments that have been shown to help other groups of people to quit smoking are also effective for people with schizophrenia. In this review, we analysed studies which investigated a wide variety of interventions. Our results suggested that bupropion (an antidepressant ...

Nicobrevin is a proprietary product containing quinine, menthyl valerate, camphor and eucalyptus oil marketed as an aid to smoking cessation. No randomised trials with long-term follow-up of smoking status were identified, so there was no evidence to assess efficacy.

Biomedical risk assessment is the process of giving smokers feedback on the physical effects of smoking using physiological measurements (for example: exhaled carbon monoxide measurement or lung function tests). It has been considered as a tool to encourage smokers to quit. This review includes 15 studies. Of them, only two found that biomedical risk ...

Behavioural support (such as brief advice and counselling) and medications (including varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapies like patches or gum) help people quit smoking. Many guidelines recommend combining medication and behavioural support to help people stop smoking, but it is unclear if some combinations are more effective than ...

A lot of time and money has been invested in programmes to help those who smoke to quit. However, there is currently not enough information about the best way to encourage smokers to enter these programmes. This review aims to identify whether certain recruitment strategies can help to increase the number of smokers enrolling into quit services. It ...

Combined, evidence from five studies included in this review finds that interventions delivered by mobile phones can help people stop smoking, though the results from individual studies varied. The interventions included in this review mainly use text messaging to provide motivation, support and tips for quitting. There are no published studies on smartphone ...

NRT aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping smoking by replacing the nicotine from cigarettes. NRT is available as skin patches that deliver nicotine slowly, and chewing gum, nasal and oral sprays, inhalers, and lozenges/tablets, all of which deliver nicotine to the brain more quickly than from skin patches, but less rapidly than ...

Nicotine is the main addictive component in tobacco. When a person smokes a cigarette, nicotine causes chemicals in the brain to be released, which gives a feeling of reward to the smoker. This reward is part of the reason why people keep smoking. Nicotine vaccines are designed to work by reducing the effects of nicotine on the brain, meaning the smoker ...