Krafttraining gegen Widerstand verbessert die Muskelkraft bei älteren Menschen, hat jedoch keinen Einfluss auf körperliche Einschränkungen insgesamt

Liu C-j, Latham NK

Ältere Menschen mit schwacher Muskelkraft haben mehr Schwierigkeiten die Aufgaben des täglichen Lebens zu bewältigen und fallen häufiger. Krafttraining gegen Widerstand bedeutet, dass man seine erstarkenden Muskeln gegen immer größer werdende Widerstände trainiert. Ältere Menschen, die ein solches Training durchführen werden kräftiger. Einfache Aktivitäten, wie zum Beispiel von einem Stuhl aufstehen oder laufen, fallen ihnen dadurch leichter. Jedoch konnte noch nicht gezeigt werden, dass andere körperliche Einschränkungen (wie zum Beispiel die Unfähigkeit komplexe tägliche Aufgaben auszuführen) durch Krafttraining verbessert werden.

Abstract (click to read)

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Primary Review Group:

Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group

PEARLS - Practical Evidence About Real Life Situations (click to read)

Clinical question:

How effective is progressive resistance strength training (PRT) for improving physical function in older adults?

Bottom line:

Older people who exercise their muscles against a force or resistance become stronger. They also improve their performance of simple activities, such as walking, climbing steps, or standing up from a chair more quickly. Moreover, strength training exercises also improved older people's physical abilities, including more complex daily activities, such as bathing or preparing a meal. Progressive resistance strength training also reduced pain in people with osteoarthritis. There was insufficient evidence to comment on the risks of PRT or long term effects.

Caveat:

The studies in this review were generally of poor methodological quality, as most did not use design features that are known to increase internal validity, such as concealed randomisation, intention-to-treat analysis, blinded outcome assessors, or attention control groups. In many studies adverse effects were poorly monitored. None the less, serious adverse events appeared to be rare. Additionally, there is no information regarding how long these effects can be maintained because the majority of the studies did not follow up the effect after the training had ended.

Context:

Progressive resistance strength training is a type of exercise where participants exercise their muscles against some type of resistance that is progressively increased as their strength improves. The exercise is usually conducted 2 to 3 times a week at moderate to high intensity, by using exercise machines, free weights or elastic bands.

Cochrane Systematic Review:

Liu C-J, Latham NK. Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Reviews. 2009, Issue 3. Article No. CD002759. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD002759.pub2. This review contains 121 trials, involving 6700 participants.

Authored by:

Brian R McAvoy

Cochrane Primary Health Care Field

Cochrane Summaries^beta

Independent high-quality evidence for health care decision making

Krafttraining gegen Widerstand verbessert die Muskelkraft bei älteren Menschen, hat jedoch keinen Einfluss auf körperliche Einschränkungen insgesamt

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