Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding group B streptococcal and HIV)

Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B, Tolosa JE

Published Online:

October 5, 2011

Bacteria live in women's vaginas and generally cause no problems. Very occasionally they infect the placenta during labour and can pass to the baby, causing an infection. These infections can occasionally make the baby very ill and very occasionally the baby might die. The review of three trials (3012 participants) found there was not enough information to say whether the use of chlorhexidine washing of the vagina during labour led to fewer infections for mothers and babies. More research is needed.

Abstract (click to read)

Background:

The incidence of chorioamnionitis occurs in between eight and 12 women for every 1000 live births and 96% of cases of chorioamnionitis are due to ascending infection. Following spontaneous vaginal delivery, 1% to 4% of women develop postpartum endometritis. The incidence of neonatal sepsis is 0.5% to 1% of all infants born. Maternal vaginal bacteria are the main agents for these infections. It is reasonable to speculate that prevention of maternal and neonatal infections might be possible by washing the vagina and cervix with an antibacterial agent for all women during labour. Chlorhexidine belongs to the class of compounds known as the bis-biguanides. Chlorhexidine has antibacterial action against a wide range of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including those implicated in peripartal infections.

Objectives:

To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of chlorhexidine vaginal douching during labour in reducing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding group B streptococcal and HIV).

Search strategy:

We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 October 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 10), MEDLINE (from 1966 to 31 October 2010), LILACS (from 1982 to 31 October 2010) and reference lists. We also reviewed journal letters and editorials.

Selection criteria:

Randomized or quasi-randomized trials comparing chlorhexidine vaginal douching during labour with placebo or other vaginal disinfectant to prevent (reduce) maternal and neonatal infections (excluding group B streptococcal and HIV).

Data collection and analysis:

Two review authors independently assessed trial eligibility and quality, extracted and interpreted the data. A third review author analyzed and interpreted the data. The fourth author also interpreted the data.

Main results:

We included three studies (3012 participants). There was no evidence of an effect of vaginal chlorhexidine during labour in preventing maternal and neonatal infections. Although the data suggest a trend in reducing postpartum endometritis, the difference was not statistically significant (risk ratio 0.83; 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.13).

Authors' conclusions:

There is no evidence to support the use of vaginal chlorhexidine during labour in preventing maternal and neonatal infections. There is a need for a well-designed randomized controlled trial using appropriate concentration and volume of vaginal chlorhexidine irrigation solution and with adequate sample size.

This record should be cited as:

Lumbiganon P, Thinkhamrop J, Thinkhamrop B, Tolosa JE. Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding Group B Streptococcal and HIV). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD004070. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004070.pub2

Assessed as up to date:

April 9, 2011

Find the research

Get full text at The Cochrane Library

Primary Review Group:

Pregnancy and Childbirth Group

Health topics:

Infectious disease > Neonatal infections > Other interventions

Neonatal care > Neonatal infections > Other interventions

Pregnancy & childbirth > Infection during pregnancy > Other infections

Infectious disease > Other infections during pregnancy

Cochrane Summaries^beta

Independent high-quality evidence for health care decision making

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections (excluding group B streptococcal and HIV)

More like this

Copyright © 2012 - The Cochrane Collaboration