Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants

Sinclair JC

Published Online:

July 16, 2008

Low birth weight babies have a higher chance or survival if they are kept warm. The right conditions can be made by placing the baby in an incubator. The air can be heated to a desired temperature, or radiant heat lamps inside the incubator can adjust to the baby’s body temperature (servo-control). The review of trials found that keeping a baby’s skin temperature at 36C degrees by servo-control reduces the newborn death rate in low birth weight babies rather than setting a constant incubator temperature of 31.8C. More research is needed.

Abstract (click to read)

Background:

Randomized trials have shown that the neonatal mortality rate of low birth-weight babies can be reduced by keeping them warm. For low birth-weight babies nursed in incubators, warm conditions may be achieved either by heating the air to a desired temperature, or by servo-controlling the baby's body temperature at a desired set-point.

Objectives:

In low birth weight infants, to determine the effect on death and other important clinical outcomes of targeting body temperature rather than air temperature as the end-point of control of incubator heating.

Search strategy:

Standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. Searches were made of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004) and MEDLINE, 1966 to April 2008.

Selection criteria:

Randomized or quasi-randomized trials which test the effects of having the heat output of the incubator servo-controlled from body temperature compared with setting a constant incubator air temperature.

Data collection and analysis:

Trial methodologic quality was systematically assessed. Outcome measures included death, timing of death, cause of death, and other clinical outcomes. Categorical outcomes were analyzed using relative risk and risk difference. Meta-analysis assumed a fixed effect model.

Main results:

Two eligible trials were found. In total, they included 283 babies and 112 deaths. Compared to setting a constant incubator air temperature of 31.8C, servo-control of abdominal skin temperature at 36C reduces the neonatal death rate among low birth weight infants: relative risk 0.72 (95% CI 0.54, 0.97); risk difference -12.7% (95% CI -1.6, -23.9). This effect is even greater among VLBW infants.

Authors' conclusions:

During at least the first week after birth, low birth weight babies should be provided with a carefully regulated thermal environment that is near the thermoneutral point. For LBW babies in incubators, this can be achieved by adjusting incubator temperature to maintain an anterior abdominal skin temperature of at least 36C, using either servo-control or frequent manual adjustment of incubator air temperature.

This record should be cited as:

Sinclair JC. Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD001074. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001074

Assessed as up to date:

April 14, 2008

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Primary Review Group:

Neonatal Group

Health topics:

Neonatal care > Management of thermal environment

Cochrane Summaries^beta

Independent high-quality evidence for health care decision making

Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants

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